Regularities and mechanisms of formation of submicro-, nano-, and ultrafine-grained structures and mechanical properties of metals and alloys under different treatments

Abstract

Within the recent two decades, ultrafine-grained (UFG) (grain size 1-10 μm), submicrocrystalline (SMC) (grain size on the order of or less than 0.1-1 μm), and nanostructured (NS) (grain size on the order of or less than 0.1 μm) metals and alloys produced by large (mature) [1-4], severe plastic (SPD) [5], and megaplastic deformation (MPD) [6] have been intensively investigated and ever increasingly used in medical and engineering applications. In all these cases the process of deformation takes place under high applied pressures and degrees of the resulting plastic deformation